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Yearly Archives: 2019
It’s time to AI-xplain
The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) in a collaboration with The Alan Turing Institute (The Turing) has created Project ExplAInto which aims to create practical guidance to assist organisations with explaining artificial intelligence (AI) decisions to the individuals affected.The ICO and The Turing conducted public research to gather information about the views held on AI. The ICO has said that they are working on the project as they believe that AI presents ‘some of the biggest risks related to the use of personal data’. The ICO wants to provide ‘effective guidance’ on how to address data protection risks from new technology. The current lawThe GDPR makes no specific provisions for technology or AI. There are several provisions which are relevant to the use of AI:• Principle 1. (a) requires fair, lawful, and transparent processing of data. • Articles 13-15 give individuals the right to be informed of the existence of solely automated decision-making and the consequences. • Article 22 gives individuals the right not to be subject to a solely automated decision producing legal or similarly significant effects. It obliges organisations to adopt measures to safeguard individuals when using solely automated decisions; and• Article 35 requires organisations to carry out Data Protection Impact Assessments when what they are doing with personal data, particularly when using new technologies, is likely to have high risks for individuals.Project ExplAIn plans to advise and assist organisation with meeting the requirements for use of AI in terms of data protection. They also intend to promote ‘best practice’. The ReportThe interim report published by the ICO sets out their findings from research into the current understanding of AI. This research will inform the guidance. EducationOne of the key findings was a need to improve education and awareness surrounding AI, so that individuals are better informed to understand the implications the technology has on their data. They hope that improving education will improve public confidence in AI decisions. This is particularly important in the wake of recent discussions on the use of AI in decision making and in Online Courts. The research suggests that there is a lack of understanding which leads to a lack of faith in the decision. The conclusion reached also posed the alternative view that over-normalising the use of AI decisions could lead to individuals being less likely to question its use and expect explanations. Though they want to avoid campaigns emphasising risks and negative impacts of AI. It was decided that it was important to be aware of this point and to include diverse voices in the work. The report identified the need to translate complex decision-making rationale into an appropriate language for a lay audience.ContextAnother key point from the report was that the content of AI explanations will depend on the context , including: timing and urgency, impact of decision, the ability to change influencing factors, scope for bias and interpretation, type of data and the recipient. The individual’s ability to challenge or respond to the decision will increase the need for an explanation. For example in criminal justice decisions. Whereas in situations where individuals are more focused on a quick decision, the explanation may be less relevant. The level of expertise of the individual alongside the technicality of the decision will also be relevant. Therefore, the ‘appropriate explanation’ is likely to be different in different cases. This will be factored into the guidance. Cost The report also concludes that cost will be a major challenge in providing explanations and will affect how they pitched. Industries are also concerned with revealing commercially sensitive information. This can be both in relation to third party details and to competitors. Next steps The report will be out for public consultation over the summer. The guidance is due to be published this autumn. The ICO’s AI auditing framework is due to be finalised in 2020 and it is likely that these findings will influence the framework. The guidance may serve to legitimise the use of AI and improve public confidence in its use. However, if the best practice is too onerous, it may hinder the development of AI in smaller businesses.
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Collyer Bristow graduate art award returns for 2019
Exceptional, the Collyer Bristow graduate art award, is a competition for graduates from London Art Schools/ Universities, open to those who graduated between 2016-19 from BA/MA/MFA/Post Grad Diploma courses. Artists are invited to apply for the opportunity to be part …
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Tagged art, award, exceptional, gallery, Jordan Kaplan, London Art Schools, Rosalind Davis
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Sotheby’s bought by French billionaire for $3.7bn
Sotheby’s recent troubles are well documented. From fending off the aggressive overtures of various hedge funds, to streamlining its business in an increasingly chaotic market, it has not always been able to focus on the business of selling art. Having found its White Knight in Patrick Drahi, and with the art auction market picking up, hopefully the business can move forward free of the increased regulatory burden and cost all listed companies face, and focus on delivering a good return for its sole shareholder free from outside interference. The 61% premium paid to shareholders will look like good business if Sotheby’s can build on its recent high profile sales.Written by Ragavan Arunachalan, a Senior associate in our Corporate team.
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£15bn lost behind the sofa
This research should serve as a good reminder to everyone that it is important that your family and professional advisors know what funds you have in what accounts. Should the unthinkable happen tomorrow, would your executors know what monies they must account for, and possibly pay tax on?Lack of certainty can have a number of impacts. For one thing, executors are under a duty to account to HMRC for tax due to the date of death and during the administration period. However, should further funds come to light at a later date this will drag out the administration process. In addition, small sums held in bank accounts can be applied towards the estate’s inheritance tax; banks will often release small sums without requiring a grant of probate which, in a catch-22 scenario, the Probate Registry will not release until inheritance tax has been paid.These undiscovered sums are also monies that should be passed to the relevant beneficiaries under the deceased’s Will, or according to the intestacy rules if the deceased died without a Will. If those funds are substantial, they may represent a valuable benefit to that recipient rather than languishing in an account.Clients should make the lives of their executors and professional advisors as straightforward as possible and provide them with a schedule of their assets, including details such as the names of third party account holders and any relevant account numbers. As and when these details change it can be very useful to provide an updated schedule, for example at an annual estate planning meeting.
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An Age of Apathy: the new report from Collyer Bristow
Collyer Bristow today publishes the report, ‘An Age of Apathy: Changing the conversation around wills’ which reveals that 68% of adults under the age of 50 with an income of £50k or more in the UK do not have a …
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Johnson proposes £3,000 tax cut for higher earners
Johnson’s announcement of his proposed tax cut is certainly grabbing the headlines but it is worth pausing to reflect on the ways it might impact professional advisors and their clients.Journalists quick out of the gates this morning have estimated that raising the threshold at which 40% income tax is paid from £50,000 to £80,000 will save an individual earning £80,000 per year around £3,000. Indeed, for pensioners the cut could be even more beneficial, with estimated savings of up to £6,000 due to the fact that pensioners will not be liable for the increase in National Insurance which is feted to accompany the cut to help pay for it.With more take-home pay in their pockets, tax payers may feel less inclined to take advantage of tax mitigation opportunities such as Gift Aid or maximising their pension contributions.One can be confident that Mr Johnson and his team have rigorously focus-grouped the proposed plan, but it is worth noting that the tax cut is not being achieved by lowering the income tax rates, which Mr Johnson’s rival for the Conservative leadership Dominc Raab suggested only last month, but instead raising the threshold at which higher rate income tax is paid.
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Lewis Chessman: Ivory rare discovery
An extremely valuable medieval chess piece, one of the five missing Lewis Chessmen, has recently been discovered in drawer by a family in Edinburgh. The 900 year-old Lewis Chessmen hoard was discovered on the Isle of Lewis in 1831 and …
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Tagged Ivory, Ivory Act, Lewis Chessman
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